Enuresis (or Nocturnal Enuresis) is defined as discreet episodes of urinary incontinence during sleep in children over 5 years of age in the absence of congenital or acquired neurologic

disorders. With an overall South African incidence above 14 percent, enuresis has a major impact on the children suffering from this debilitating condition.

Recommendations:

Suggestions and recommendations are made on the various therapeutic options available within a local context. These therapeutic options include; behavioural modification,

p h a rma c e u t i c a l t h e r a p y [ D e smo s p r e s s i n ( D D A V P ) , Anticholinergic (ACh) Agents, Mirabegron (β3-adrenoreceptor agonists), and Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)], alternative treatments, complementary therapies, urotherapy, alarm therapy, psychological therapy and biofeedback. The role of the Bladder Diary, additional investigations and Mobile Phone Applications (Apps) in enuresis is also explored. Standardised

definitions are also outlined within this document.

Conclusion:

An independent, unbiased, national evaluation and treatment guideline based on the pathophysiological subcategory is proposed using an updated, evidence based approach, with local, South African and international expert consensus.