Discussion of the research conducted when Cleviprex (Clevidipine), an IV ultra-fast acting, L-type calcium channel blocker was used in Phase III and IIIb studies i comparison to placebo and other anti-hypertensives during the peri-operative period as well as acute hypertensive episodes in the emergency department. These studies included nearly 2000 patients with existing pathology (kidney, liver and cardiac impairment) undergoing various cardiac procedures (CABG, valve repair, etc.). Cleviprex was found to be effective at controlling SBP within minutes, maintaining targeted SBP and limiting end-organ damage thus improving short- and long-term outcomes.