This presentation examines the persistent gap between infectious disease prevention protocols and real-world practice within healthcare facilities. Although clinical guidelines outline clear steps to prevent HAIs and disease transmission, systemic and behavioural factors often hinder consistent implementation. The session demonstrates how workplace culture, peer norms, leadership behaviour, and operational pressures can override compliance even when infectious disease risks are well understood. Drawing on evidence from IPC research, behavioural science, and high-reliability healthcare models, the talk offers a practical framework for improving infectious disease outcomes through cultural transformation rather than reliance on checklists alone. Participants will gain insights into drivers of non-compliance, tools for measuring IPC culture, and leadership strategies that embed infection-safe behaviour across the health system.