Vaccinations have been a successful health intervention and have led to increased life expectancy. Vaccination has been recognised as a health priority and the WHO has highlighted the importance of vaccination throughout life In this presentation, Professor Dlamini highlights vaccinations in adolescents, adults, elderly, immunosenescent and pregnancy. In introducing the topic, Prof Dlamini stresses how vaccinations can help to protect communities; increase health equity; target diseases of poverty and can lead to an increase in vertical equity in society. On the topic of adolescent vaccines, Prof Dlamini talks about the WHO recommendations and American guidelines for adolescent immunization and discusses the important adolescent vaccines, including the HPV vaccine. He provides information some of the outbreaks in SA due to partial or no vaccination and discusses who should be vaccinated in the adult population, e.g. elderly, pregnant, high risk. Prof Dlamini also looks at GERMS data in relation to pneumococcal diseases and discusses the risk factors.