Children often suffer from recurrent and problematic airway infections. Some of them may just be normal children who are more exposed to airway pathogens at s time when immune memory is not established yet. Others may suffer from underlying airway allergic inflammation that leaves them more susceptible to infection. But inborn errors of immune function is not rare and we should offer an approach to identifying them. And then there are those with a more sinister non-immune underlying reason like cystic fibrosis or primary ciliary dyskinesia. The talk offers an approach to ticking boxes and offering solutions.