There is a description and presentation of two broader normative ethical approaches – deontological and utilitarian- to the question of whether transgender participation in elite sport is fair, inclusive, and acceptable. The above is examined in the context of a brief assessment of current scientific evidence and its influence on the rationale for fairness and inclusion in gender-specific sporting categories. Reasoning and logic are described, along with their impact on normative ethics, the weighing up of scientific evidence and the law, and international sporting organisations and their approaches and directives.